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Aged 16, he wrote that he loathed and resented this "ludicrous" experiment on young lives. Educationīrown was educated first at Kirkcaldy West Primary School where he was selected for an experimental fast stream education programme, which took him two years early to Kirkcaldy High School for an academic hothouse education taught in separate classes. Brown was brought up there with his elder brother John and younger brother Andrew Brown in a manse he is therefore often referred to as a "son of the manse", an idiomatic Scottish phrase. The family moved to Kirkcaldy – then the largest town in Fife, across the Firth of Forth from Edinburgh – when Gordon was three. His mother was Jessie Elizabeth "Bunty" Brown ( née Souter 1918–2004) she was the daughter of John Souter, a timber merchant. His father was John Ebenezer Brown (1914–1998), a minister of the Church of Scotland and a strong influence on Brown. 6.1 Return to the backbenches (2010–2015)īrown was born at the Orchard Maternity Nursing Home in Giffnock, Renfrewshire, Scotland.5.8 2010 government formation and resignation.5.6 By-elections and 2009 local and EU elections.5 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 2007–2010.3 Chancellor of the Exchequer (1997–2007).2 Election to Parliament and opposition.Brown later played a prominent role in the campaign to maintain the union during the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. After the Conservative Party formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats, Brown was succeeded as Prime Minister by David Cameron. In the 2010 general election, Labour lost 91 seats, the party's biggest loss of seats in a single general election since 1931, resulting in a hung parliament in which the Conservatives were the largest party. Despite initial rises in opinion polls after Brown became Prime Minister, Labour's popularity declined with the onset of a recession in 2008, leading to poor results in the local and European elections in 2009. In 2008, Brown's government passed the world's first Climate Change Act, and introduced the Equality Act in 2010. The Government took majority shareholdings in Northern Rock and Royal Bank of Scotland, both of which experienced financial difficulties, and injected large amounts of money into several other banks, including Lloyds Banking Group, which formed through the acquisition of HBOS by Lloyds TSB in 2009. In 2007, Tony Blair resigned as Prime Minister and Labour Leader, and Brown was elected unopposed to replace him.īrown's government introduced rescue packages in 20 to help keep the banks afloat during the global financial crisis, and as a result the United Kingdom's national debt increased dramatically. Controversial moves included the abolition of advance corporation tax (ACT) relief in his first budget, the sale of UK gold reserves from 1999 to 2002, and the removal in his final budget of the 10% "starting rate" of personal income tax which he had introduced in 1999. He outlined five economic tests which resisted the UK adopting the euro currency. Brown presided over the longest period of sustained economic growth in British history, but this became increasingly dependent on mounting debt, and part of this growth period started under the preceding Conservative government in 1993. After Labour's victory in 1997, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, becoming the longest-serving holder of that office in modern history.īrown's tenure as Chancellor was marked by major reform of Britain's monetary and fiscal policy architecture, transferring interest rate setting powers to the Bank of England, by a wide extension of the powers of the Treasury to cover much domestic policy and by transferring responsibility for banking supervision to the Financial Services Authority. He joined the Shadow Cabinet in 1989 as Shadow Secretary of State for Trade, and was later promoted to become Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1992. He entered the British House of Commons in 1983 as the MP for Dunfermline East.
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He spent his early career working as both a lecturer at a further education college and a television journalist. He is the most recent Labour politician and most recent Scottish politician to hold the office of Prime Minister.Ī doctoral graduate, Brown read history at the University of Edinburgh, where he was elected Rector in 1972. Brown was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1983 to 2015, first for Dunfermline East and later for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Blair government from 1997 to 2007.
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James Gordon Brown HonFRSE (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.